BACK STUDY IN DANIEL
The Prophet's Place in Relation to God's Strategy
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INTRODUCTION TO O.T. PROPHETIC PREDICTIONS
1 God's strategy - in singling out a nation (the Israelites), a tribe (Judah) and in requiring that nation to have the tabernacle, the priesthood with its rituals - was preparatory to the coming of the Messiah to establish his everlasting kingdom.
2 Similarly the O.T. Predictions are primarily concerned with the coming of the Messiah and his everlasting kingdom but with other world events only in so far as they relate to that.
3 The Old Covenant prophets yearned for the coming of the Messiah, Luke 24:25-27, 1 Peter 1:9-12.
4 The Old Covenant terminated in the "Passion Week" never to be reinstated (Zech.11:10-12).
[Note: the phrase "in that day" in Zechariah, always refers to events during the "Passion Week"]
If these facts are not appreciated then OT prophesies might be misunderstood.
So what was Daniel's place in God's scheme of things?

A SYNOPSIS OF THE BOOK OF THE PROPHET DANIEL
Visions predicting events from the captivity up to the Messiah setting up his kingdom.

 The Hebrews were taken into captivity in Babylonian (for 70 years) to be cleansed of idolatry. After this the nation, Jerusalem and the temple were restored and God's strategy was back on course for the coming of the Messiah. Daniel lived right through that captivity (circ.BC 606-534). Significant events, which would lead right up to the setting up of the Messiah's everlasting kingdom and the removal of the old kingdom, its temple and sacrificial system, were revealed to Daniel, the faithful and beloved of God (Daniel 9:23) during the captivity.
[ See the hymn and tune Dare to be a Daniel]

At the end of the 70 years Daniel pleaded with God for the nation to be forgiven and the sanctuary to be restored for God's own sake and for the city and people called by God's name. In the vision that followed Daniel was distraught to learn of disastrous crises which would happen before the Messianic dream was realised. The most catastrophic was Antiochus Epiphanese's defilement of the rebuilt temple and prohibition of temple worship. Like all the disasters that had befallen the nation, this crisis happened because of Jewish apostasy. The faithful few would suffer and Quislings would prosper, consequently, as in all such situations, some would be raised some "to everlasting life, and some to shame and everlasting contempt". Faithful Daniel was assured that his own final end was secure.

[NOTE: In the prophetic predictions we regard the word "time" to equal one year, "times" - two years, "half a time" - six months, "weeks" (AV.) - seven years, but, for reasons given, "days" to be actual days.]

CHAPTERS 1 to 6 - Setting the Scene

These chapters tell us of faithful Daniel, Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego's experiences during their captivity. Daniel interprets the kings' visions predicting events leading up to the Messiah's everlasting kingdom being established.

1 DANIEL BECOMES AN ADVISOR TO NEBUCHADNEZZAR
Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael and Azariah are taken captive to Shinar (Babylonia/Chaldea) and are chosen to be advisors to Emperor Nebuchadnezzar. They are given the names: Belteshazzar, Shadrach, Meshach, Abednego.
2 EVENTS LEADING UP TO THE ADVENT OF THE MESSIAH'S KINGDOM FORETOLD
God enables Daniel to describe and interpret the emperor's dream of a fearful image which represents four successive empires:- the Babylonian empire, the  twinned Medo-Persian empire, the Greek empire and lastly the non-cohesive Roman empire with its ten client kingdom puppet kings*. At which time God sets up the Messiah's everlasting kingdom. The first four kingdoms have long since gone. The last one, the everlasting kingdom, has been around for a long time and is still with us.
3 THE MESSIAH'S ANGEL VINDICATES THOSE WHO WORSHIP ONLY THE LORD GOD
Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego refuse to worship the emperor's gold idol and are thrown in the furnace. The emperor sees a fourth person with them in the furnace who looks "like a son of a god". They are all unharmed by the flames.
4 NEBUCHADNEZZAR HUMBLED, YHWH EXALTED
Daniel interprets Nebuchadnezzar's dream of a tree. This predicts Nebuchadnezzar being humbled by madness which makes him acknowledge the King of Heaven.
5 ABUSE OF THE HOLY VESSELS BY PRESUMPTUOUS BELSHAZZAR - REDRESSED
Daniel interprets writing which miraculously appears on the palace wall during sensual Belshazzar's feast. So he makes Daniel the third ruler in the kingdom. The first ruler is Nabonadius (who is at Borsippa), then Belshazzar his son (in Babylon), then Daniel. The writing predicts Belshazzar's overthrow. Note v.31 belongs to chapter 6. Darius the Mede receives (not "took". Hebrew qibel. See 9:1 ) the kingdom.
6 HE WHO WORSHIPS ONLY THE LORD GOD IS VINDICATED BEFORE PROUD DARIUS
Enemies of Daniel persuade vain Darius to decree that for thirty days, prayer is to be made only to Darius. Daniel is punished for praying to God by being thrown into a lion's den. He is unharmed whereas others are torn to shreds by the same lions.

CHAPTERS 7 to 12 - Revelations of Daniel

These chapters tell us of Daniel's visions, also predicting events leading up to the Messiah's everlasting kingdom being established, but with more detail. In them he is taken behind the scenes to see things on earth from heaven's perspective (7:9-10, 22, 26. 10:13, 20-21. 12:1-3 & 13).

[Whereas Job is unaware of the conflict from behind the scenes (Job 1:6-12,2:1-7) Daniel is privileged to see it beforehand. Also see Ephesians 6:12-13

7 DANIEL'S DREAM DEPICTING EVENTS LEADING UP TO THE MESSIAH'S KINGDOM
The Babylonian empire is represented by a Lion
The Medo-Persian: by a Bear raised up on one side, one element being dominant.
The Greek: by a Leopard with four wings and four heads
The Roman: by a fearsome beast with ten horns representing the ten puppet kings.Behind the scenes, before the Almighty, judgement takes place (vv.10-14), the records are consulted (v.10 "books" cp. Exodus 32:31-33, Psalms 56:8, 69:28, Revelation.20:12 et al.), the fourth beast (the Roman empire) is condemned and the Messiah is given everlasting world-wide dominion.  * The boastful dominant king who supplants three of the kings, oppresses the saints for "a time and times and the dividing of time" (3.1/2 years, v.25) but the saints have the everlasting kingdom expands "under the whole heaven" (vv.12, 18, 26-27).

[See ROMAN DEPENDENCIES AND CLIENT KINGDOMS (Reference the Daniel 7:24) The ten client kingdoms within the Roman empire at  the time of Christ.]

THIS IS THE CONCLUDING EVENT IN DANIEL'S VISIONS ("end" Hebrew: safe = conclusion).

The revelations in Daniel culminate in the establishing of the Messiah's everlasting kingdom and the removal of the obsolete Judaic-Mosaic order (the Judean kingdom, the temple, and the priesthood).


Parallels within chapter 7

 Verses:-  4-14  17-18  19-22  23-27
 Four Empires (4 beasts )  4-8  17    
 Roman Empire (the 4th. beast )  7-8    19  23
   10 horns (10 client kingdoms )*  7      24
   The little horn ( Herod Agrippa I )*  8    20  24
   He supplants 3 kings        24
   He is boastful  8    20  25
    He overpowers the saints      21  25
    Behind the scenes, judgement is set up    9-10    22  26
   4th. beast eventually slain  11      26
    Vestiges of the first 3 beasts survive  12      
    The Everlasting Kingdom set up  13-14  18  22  27
 This is the conclusion of the visions        28
   
   For "A Potted History of the Roman Empire from BC100 to Augustus Caesar" and
   a chart showing Roman Emperors and Rulers of Judaea, click here
  * For "THE HERODIAN FAMILY" and their function as a Roman client kings, click here
8

DANIEL'S VISION DETAILING EVENTS LEADING UP TO THE DEFILING OF THE REBUILT TEMPLE
[The previous vision having outlined events from Daniel's time right up to the establishment of the Messiah's kingdom and removal of the old order, this vision concentrates on the last historical event to interrupt the lead-up to the coming of the Messiah. That event was Antiochus Epiphanese's suppression of Mosaic worship.]

The Medo-Persian empire is represented by a Ram with two horns (vv.3, 20). The larger horn representing the Persian element which becomes dominant.
The Greek: by a Male Goat with a large horn, representing Alexander the Great (v.21), which is replaced by four horns representing the kingdoms ruled by his four generals after his death (vv.8, 22). Out of one horn comes an aggressively dominant horn depicting Antiochus Epiphanese (vv.9, 23 ff.). From his defiling of the temple until the temple being cleansed is 2,300 actual days, (vv.13-14, 26. Hebrew: evening-morning)

[Daniel would anticipate the return of the Jews, the restoration of the temple and the nation to pave the way for the Messiah's kingdom. Learning that more crises will impede the Messiah's coming and that when he does come he will be "cut-off" (9:26), causes Daniel much distress (7:28, 8:21-27, 10:2-3,14-18)].

9 THE 70 "WEEKS"
From the decree "to restore and to build"[a.v.] the city of Jerusalem to the Messiah's kingdom being opened to the Gentiles (Cornelius Acts 10-11:18).
Verses
1-19 At the end of the 70 years captivity (Jeremiah 25:11-12, 29:10) Daniel prays for Israel.
21-23 Daniel is given a time scale for his first (cp.7:16 & "beginning" 9:21) vision in chapter 7.
24 70 "sevens " (NIV.) are determined - upon the Hebrews and the Holy City:-
to end sins (sin offerings),
to make atonement for iniquity,  (AV. "reconcilliation": Hebrew = atonement, covering)
to seal up vision and prophecy and
to anoint the most Holy [Messiah = Annointed One = Christ.]
(AV."weeks" Hebrew shabua can mean "seven". Compare Numb. 14:34, Lev. 26:34, Ezek. 4:6)
25 The start date is Artaxerxes' decree to restore and build Jerusalem (BC 458).
[note: this was the decree to restore Jerusalem - not the decree to rebuild the temple.]
See " A Study in Zechariah The Mount of Olives Split! - When ?" for an information on the rebuilding of the temple.

69 sevens (7+60+2) to the coming of a Messiah, a Prince, that is the most Holy One. The one who is anointed (v.24).
[Note: a period of  7 sevens followed by a period of  60+2 sevens. 69 sevens in all.]
The "troublous times" are during the 7 sevens after the decree to rebuild the city.

26 The Messiah is cut off after 60+2 sevens (i.e 69 sevens from the decree to rebuild the city).
Note: the words "but not for himself" (AV) is from the Hebrew AYIN  LA [Vav : alef yod nun  Lamed : vav], better translated "and nothing to him" i.e."and he is destitute" or "and no-one for him" i.e. "and he has no supporters."
He is despised and rejected of men; a man of sorrows and acquainted with grief: and we hid our faces from him; he was despised and we did not esteem him. Isaiah 53:3
And Jesus said to them, All you will be offended because of me this night, because it is written: I will strike the shepherd and the sheep will be scattered. Mark 14:27

Afterwards the prince's people destroy the sanctuary. (AD 70)

Note: the people of the prince- not the prince himself, i.e. Titus' army -not Titus himself. Titus instructed his army to spare the temple but his men set fire to it. Titus was the prince in control of Judea at the time the sanctuary was destroyed.
Desolations continue to the end of the war with the Jews
The destruction of the temple in AD 70 finalised the close of the Mosaic era.
(Shortly before the destucion of the temple the Apostle Paul wrote: In that he says, a new covenant, he has made the first old. So that which is ageing and becoming obsolete is about to disappear Hebrews 8:13 ).

27

Half way through the next of the sevens (that is 69.1/2 sevens after the decree to rebuild Jerusalem) the Messiah causes sacrifices to cease. At the Lord's crucifixion Mosaic sacrifices became obsolete (Hebrews.10:7-14).
The covenant with Abraham is that in his seed all the nations of the world are blessed, both Jew and non-Jew (Genesis 22:18, 26:4). This covenant is confirmed with the Jews on the day of Pentecost (Acts.2) and with the non-Jews to Cornelius and his household (Acts 10 and 11).
Taking into consideration the events recorded in the first 10 chapters of Acts and in Galatians 1:15-18, Cornelius' conversion is at least 3 years after Acts 2 Pentecost.


See the article "THE LORD'S 3 YEAR MINISTRY - PETER'S KEYS WERE ALL WITHIN DANIEL'S 70th. SEVEN YEARS"
Which shows how the Apostle Paul's and Cornelius' conversions relate to the time when Aretus gained control of Damascus.


After the Lord's crucifixion, the nation's civil and spiritual state continues to deteriorate. By AD 70 it is worse than anything that happened before or since. (Matthew 24:21).

WHICH ABOMINATION OF DESOLATION is referred to in Matt.24:15, Mark 13:14 and Luke 21:20 ?
There are three distinct times of desolation mentioned in Daniel:
  • Daniel 9:17 One desolation had already passed in the destruction of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar.
  • Daniel 8:13 & 12:11 These refer to desolation caused by Antiochus Epiphenese.
  • Daniel 9:26-27 These verses evidently refer to the time of the Roman siege from AD 68 to AD 70, which culminated in the destruction of the temple and devastation of Jerusalem [See Luke 21:20].
Daniel 9:26-27 And after sixty two periods of seven Messiah will be cut off, but not for himself: and the people of the prince who will come will destroy the city and the sanctuary; and the end of it will be with a flood, and to the end of the war desolations are determined. And he will confirm the covenant with many for one period of seven: and in the middle of the period of seven he will cause the sacrifice and the oblation to cease, and he will make it desolate for the overspreading of abominations, even until the consummation, and that determined will be poured on the desolate.

The words "desolations are determined" indicate that this would be a period of several desolations in succession.


Chronology of the Seventy "sevens"
[Note: THE SEPTUAGINT OF THE O.T. WAS TRANSLATED IN BC 285]
 Start date:  Ezra leaves Babylon in Artaxerxes 7th. year of reign.  Sabbatical BC458/457  BC 465 - 7
[See DANIEL'S 70x7 years CHART]
 BC 458
(autumn)
 The Lord's birth    Year BC 5 (autumn)  Luke 3:23
"beginning to be thirty years"
 BC 5
(autumn)
 Baptism  69th."seven"  Jubilee year AD 26/27  69 x 7 - (458 - 1), i.e. 483 - 457  AD 26
(autumn)
 Crucifixion  69.1/2 "seven"  Year AD 29/30  Autumn AD 26 plus 3.1/2 years  AD 30
(spring)
 Cornelius  70th."week"  plus say 3.1/2 years  70 x 7 - (458 - 1)  AD 33
(autumn)
See DANIEL'S 70x7s: DATUMS - LIMITING FACTORS. CLICK HERE FOR CHARTS OF THE HEBREW CALENDAR


Chapters 10 to 12 home in on Antiochus Epiphanese's tyranical reign, ending with the Maccabaean revolt and the rededication of the temple.
10
v.1 Cyrus and Darius were joint rulers of the Medo-Persian Empire.
v.2ff. Daniel's distraught 3 week fast.
v.13 God's messenger delayed for 3 weeks
v.20 The Greek empire will follow the Persian empire
11
v.2 Three more kings in Persia - Cambysis, Smardis and Darius Hystaspis. [Barnes on Daniel v.2 p.208].
The fourth king - Xerxes - annoys the Greeks.
v.3 Alexander the Great comes to power.
v.4 His empire is divided between his four generals after his death.
v.5ff. Seleucids gain power in Syria and the Ptolemies in Egypt. There is constant friction between them. The political scheming and toing and froing between them is detailed in verses 5 to 44.
v.30ff. A foray into Egypt is foiled by a Mediterranean fleet. Antiochus Epiphanese vents his frustration on the Jewish nation. He desecrates the temple, supplants Mosaic worship (v.31) with pagan worship and constructs a fortified palace overlooking the temple courtyard, to ensure no Mosaic rituals are practised (v.45).
 
 For Alexander's Divided kingdom and relationship between the Ptolemies and the Seleucidae click here

 For a chronology of the "days" predictions click here


12
vv.1-3 Daniel is given the "behind the scenes" perspective of the outcome for those who are faithful and those who are not faithful in the time of trial.
v.1 "At that time", the time of Antiochus Epiphanese's desecration of the temple, the Hebrew nation would experience worse troubles than ever before, but the faithful would be delivered. (cp. Exodus 32:32). Judgement is always according to what is recorded "in the book/s" (7:10)
v.2 When people die their destiny is sealed  (Ecclesiastes 11:2 3 "... if the tree fall toward the south, or toward the north, in the place where the tree falleth, there it shall be."). Of those around at the time of Antiochus Epiphanese's persecution many would be raised, some@ to "everlasting life", and some to "shame and everlasting contempt". The apostates could only anticipate being raised to eternal shame whereas the faithful were assured of eternal life.
v.4 Daniel is not given the details but is advised that when these events did occur, more would be known.
vv.5-7 The desecration and oppression would last for 3.1/2 years ("a time, times and a half").
 v.13 Faithful Daniel is assured that he will have his "lot".
           When and where? -  Click here for study notes on life after death.
 
@ The word "many" in Daniel 12:2 means "a lot" but it does not mean "everybody". But at the last day everybody will be raised (John 5:27-29). So Daniel 12:2 does not seem to be referring to the last day.

In Matthew.27:52 it says that "many" of the saints were raised - but not all. Those saints are now in "Paradise".


SUMMARY
THE SCOPE OF THE REVELATIONS GIVEN IN DANIEL:-
1) THE BABYLONIAN EMPIRE
2) THE MEDO-PERSIAN EMPIRE
The start of the 70 Weeks":-
ARTAXERXES' DECREE TO REBUILD JERUSALEM (BC 458)
3) THE GREEK EMPIRE
ALEXANDER THE GREAT
THE EMPIRE DIVIDED BETWEEN THE FOUR GENERALS
ANTIOCHUS EPIPHANESE' DESECRATION OF THE TEMPLE (BC 168)
THE REDEDICATION OF THE TEMPLE (BC 165)
4) THE ROMAN EMPIRE
The 70th."Week":-
5) THE SETTING UP OF THE MESSIAH'S EVERLASTING KINGDOM
The  start of the 70th. week THE LORD'S MINISTRY (AD 26)
The middle of the 70th. week HIS SACRIFICIAL DEATH
The end of the 70th. week GENTILES ADMITTED TO THE KINGDOM (Cornelius)
6) THE WINDING UP OF THE MOSAIC ERA
JUDAEA CEASES TO BE A KINGDOM - AD 44
The last king of Judaea: Agrippa I.   (AD 41-44)
TEMPLE SACRIFICIAL WORSHIP ENDS (Titus' army AD 70)

 


For a chart of  THE VISIONS OF CHAPTERS 2, 7, 8, 10, 11 & 12 IN PARALLEL  click here.
COMMENT

A FOOLISH AND DANGEROUSLY MISCHEVIOUS DOCTRINE
We emphasise spiritual Zion because the kingdom of God is not an earthly kingdom .

(John 18:36 Jesus answered, My kingdom is not of this world: if my kingdom were of this world, then would my servants fight, that I should not be delivered to the Jews: but now is my kingdom not from hence).

The idea of restoring the physical temple in Jerusalem and of restoring the physical nation of Israel is  dangerous and has no support in the Bible. There is no Divine authority for the Jewish restoration of the nation of Israel . Those who falsly interpret passages of scripture in that way miss out on their true spiritual significance.

The Lord Jesus was sacrificed once and for all time. "... this man [Jesus Christ], ... offered one sacrifice for sins for ever" Hebrews 10:12

No more sacrifices are to be offered for sins. "... there remaineth no more sacrifice for sins" Hebrews 10:26 . The temple sacrificial altar is not to be rebuilt.


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