INTRODUCTION TO O.T. PROPHETIC PREDICTIONS |
| 1 |
God's strategy - in singling out a nation (the
Israelites), a tribe (Judah) and in requiring that
nation to have the tabernacle, the priesthood with its rituals - was preparatory
to the coming of the Messiah to establish his everlasting kingdom. |
| 2 |
Similarly the O.T. Predictions are primarily concerned with
the coming of the Messiah and his everlasting kingdom but with other world
events only in so far as they relate to that. |
| 3 |
The Old Covenant prophets yearned for the coming of the Messiah,
Luke 24:25-27, 1 Peter 1:9-12. |
| 4 |
The Old Covenant terminated in the "Passion Week" never to
be reinstated (Zech.11:10-12).
[Note: the phrase "in that day" in Zechariah, always refers to events
during the "Passion Week"]
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If these facts are not appreciated then OT prophesies might
be misunderstood.
So what was Daniel's place in God's scheme of things?
A SYNOPSIS OF THE BOOK OF THE PROPHET DANIEL
Visions predicting events from the captivity up to the Messiah setting up
his kingdom.
The Hebrews were taken into captivity in Babylonian
(for 70 years) to be cleansed of idolatry. After this the nation, Jerusalem
and the temple were restored and God's strategy was back on course for the
coming of the Messiah. Daniel lived right through that captivity (circ.BC
606-534). Significant events, which would lead right up to the setting up
of the Messiah's everlasting kingdom and the removal of the old kingdom,
its temple and sacrificial system, were revealed to Daniel, the
faithful and beloved of God (Daniel 9:23) during the captivity.
[ See the hymn and tune Dare
to be a Daniel]
At the end of the 70 years Daniel pleaded with God for the nation to be forgiven
and the sanctuary to be restored for God's own sake and for the city and
people called by God's name. In the vision that followed Daniel was distraught
to learn of disastrous crises which would happen before the Messianic dream
was realised. The most catastrophic was Antiochus Epiphanese's defilement
of the rebuilt temple and prohibition of temple worship. Like all the disasters
that had befallen the nation, this crisis happened because of Jewish apostasy.
The faithful few would suffer and Quislings would prosper, consequently,
as in all such situations, some would be raised some "to everlasting life,
and some to shame and everlasting contempt". Faithful Daniel was assured
that his own final end was secure.
[NOTE: In the prophetic predictions we regard the word "time"
to equal one year, "times" - two years, "half a time" - six months, "weeks"
(AV.) - seven years, but, for reasons given, "days" to be
actual days.]
CHAPTERS 1 to 6 - Setting the Scene
These chapters tell us of faithful Daniel, Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego's
experiences during their captivity. Daniel interprets the kings' visions
predicting events leading up to the Messiah's everlasting kingdom being
established.
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| 1 |
DANIEL BECOMES AN ADVISOR TO NEBUCHADNEZZAR
Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael and Azariah are taken captive to Shinar
(Babylonia/Chaldea) and are chosen to be advisors to Emperor Nebuchadnezzar.
They are given the names: Belteshazzar, Shadrach, Meshach, Abednego. |
| 2 |
EVENTS LEADING UP TO THE ADVENT OF
THE MESSIAH'S KINGDOM FORETOLD
God enables Daniel to describe and interpret the emperor's dream of a fearful
image which represents four successive empires:- the Babylonian empire,
the twinned Medo-Persian empire, the Greek empire and
lastly the non-cohesive Roman empire with its ten client kingdom
puppet kings*. At which time God sets up the Messiah's everlasting kingdom.
The first four kingdoms have long since gone. The last one, the everlasting
kingdom, has been around for a long time and is still with us. |
| 3 |
THE MESSIAH'S ANGEL VINDICATES THOSE
WHO WORSHIP ONLY THE LORD GOD
Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego refuse to worship the emperor's gold idol
and are thrown in the furnace. The emperor sees a fourth person with them
in the furnace who looks "like a son of a god". They are all unharmed by
the flames. |
| 4 |
NEBUCHADNEZZAR HUMBLED, YHWH EXALTED
Daniel interprets Nebuchadnezzar's dream of a tree. This predicts Nebuchadnezzar
being humbled by madness which makes him acknowledge the King of Heaven. |
| 5 |
ABUSE OF THE HOLY VESSELS BY PRESUMPTUOUS
BELSHAZZAR - REDRESSED
Daniel interprets writing which miraculously appears on the palace wall during
sensual Belshazzar's feast. So he makes Daniel the third ruler in the kingdom.
The first ruler is Nabonadius (who is at Borsippa), then Belshazzar his son
(in Babylon), then Daniel. The writing predicts Belshazzar's overthrow. Note
v.31 belongs to chapter 6. Darius the Mede receives (not "took". Hebrew qibel.
See 9:1 ) the kingdom. |
| 6 |
HE WHO WORSHIPS ONLY THE LORD GOD IS
VINDICATED BEFORE PROUD DARIUS
Enemies of Daniel persuade vain Darius to decree that for thirty days, prayer
is to be made only to Darius. Daniel is punished for praying to God by being
thrown into a lion's den. He is unharmed whereas others are torn to shreds
by the same lions.
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| CHAPTERS 7 to 12 - Revelations of Daniel
These chapters tell us of Daniel's visions, also predicting events leading
up to the Messiah's everlasting kingdom being established, but with more
detail. In them he is taken behind the scenes to see things on earth from
heaven's perspective (7:9-10, 22, 26. 10:13, 20-21. 12:1-3 &
13).
[Whereas Job is unaware of the conflict from behind the scenes (Job
1:6-12,2:1-7) Daniel is privileged to see it beforehand. Also
see Ephesians 6:12-13
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| 7 |
DANIEL'S DREAM DEPICTING EVENTS LEADING
UP TO THE MESSIAH'S KINGDOM
The Babylonian empire is represented by a Lion
The Medo-Persian: by a Bear raised up on one side, one element being
dominant.
The Greek: by a Leopard with four wings and four heads
The Roman: by a fearsome beast with ten horns representing the ten
puppet kings.Behind the scenes, before the Almighty, judgement takes place
(vv.10-14), the records are consulted (v.10 "books"
cp. Exodus 32:31-33, Psalms 56:8, 69:28, Revelation.20:12 et al.),
the fourth beast (the Roman empire) is condemned and the Messiah is given
everlasting world-wide dominion. * The boastful dominant king who supplants
three of the kings, oppresses the saints for "a time and times and the dividing
of time" (3.1/2 years, v.25) but the saints have the everlasting
kingdom expands "under the whole heaven" (vv.12, 18, 26-27).
[See ROMAN DEPENDENCIES AND CLIENT
KINGDOMS (Reference the Daniel 7:24) The ten client kingdoms
within the Roman empire at the time of Christ.]
THIS IS THE CONCLUDING EVENT IN DANIEL'S VISIONS ("end"
Hebrew: safe = conclusion).
The revelations in Daniel culminate in the establishing of the Messiah's
everlasting kingdom and the removal of the obsolete Judaic-Mosaic order (the
Judean kingdom, the temple, and the priesthood). |
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Parallels within chapter 7 |
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Verses:- |
4-14 |
17-18 |
19-22 |
23-27 |
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Four Empires (4 beasts ) |
4-8 |
17 |
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Roman Empire (the 4th. beast ) |
7-8 |
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19 |
23 |
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10 horns (10 client kingdoms )* |
7 |
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24 |
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The little horn ( Herod Agrippa I )* |
8 |
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20 |
24 |
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He supplants 3 kings |
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24 |
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He is boastful |
8 |
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20 |
25 |
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He overpowers the saints |
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21 |
25 |
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Behind the scenes, judgement is set up |
9-10 |
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22 |
26 |
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4th. beast eventually slain |
11 |
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26 |
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Vestiges of the first 3 beasts survive |
12 |
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The Everlasting Kingdom set up |
13-14 |
18 |
22 |
27 |
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This is the conclusion of the visions |
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28 |
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For "A Potted History
of the Roman Empire from BC100 to Augustus Caesar"
and
a chart showing
Roman Emperors and Rulers of Judaea, click here |
| |
* For "THE
HERODIAN FAMILY" and their function as a Roman client kings, click
here
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| 8 |
DANIEL'S VISION DETAILING EVENTS LEADING UP TO THE DEFILING OF
THE REBUILT TEMPLE
[The previous vision having outlined events from Daniel's time right up to
the establishment of the Messiah's kingdom and removal of the old order,
this vision concentrates on the last historical event to interrupt the lead-up
to the coming of the Messiah. That event was Antiochus Epiphanese's suppression
of Mosaic worship.]
The Medo-Persian empire is represented by a Ram with two horns (vv.3,
20). The larger horn representing the Persian element which becomes
dominant.
The Greek: by a Male Goat with a large horn, representing
Alexander the Great (v.21), which is replaced by four horns representing
the kingdoms ruled by his four generals after his death (vv.8, 22). Out of
one horn comes an aggressively dominant horn depicting Antiochus Epiphanese
(vv.9, 23 ff.). From his defiling of the temple until the temple being
cleansed is 2,300 actual days, (vv.13-14, 26. Hebrew: evening-morning)
[Daniel would anticipate the return of the Jews, the restoration of the temple
and the nation to pave the way for the Messiah's kingdom. Learning that more
crises will impede the Messiah's coming and that when he does come he will
be "cut-off" (9:26), causes Daniel much distress (7:28,
8:21-27, 10:2-3,14-18)].
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| 9 |
THE 70 "WEEKS"
From the decree "to restore and to build"[a.v.] the city of Jerusalem to
the Messiah's kingdom being opened to the Gentiles (Cornelius Acts
10-11:18). |
| Verses |
| 1-19 |
At the end of the 70 years captivity (Jeremiah 25:11-12, 29:10)
Daniel prays for Israel. |
| 21-23 |
Daniel is given a time scale for his first (cp.7:16 &
"beginning" 9:21) vision in chapter 7. |
| 24 |
70 "sevens " (NIV.) are determined -
upon the Hebrews and the Holy City:- |
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to end sins (sin offerings), |
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to make atonement for iniquity,
(AV. "reconcilliation": Hebrew = atonement, covering) |
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to seal up vision and prophecy and |
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to anoint the most Holy [Messiah = Annointed One = Christ.] |
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(AV."weeks" Hebrew shabua
can mean "seven". Compare Numb. 14:34, Lev. 26:34, Ezek. 4:6) |
| 25 |
The start date is Artaxerxes' decree to restore and build
Jerusalem (BC 458).
[note: this was the decree to restore Jerusalem - not the decree to rebuild
the temple.]
See " A Study in
Zechariah The Mount of Olives Split! - When ?" for an information on
the rebuilding of the temple.
69 sevens (7+60+2) to the coming of a Messiah, a Prince,
that is the most Holy One. The one who is anointed (v.24).
[Note: a period of 7 sevens followed by a period of 60+2
sevens. 69 sevens in all.]
The "troublous times" are during the 7 sevens after the decree to rebuild
the city. |
| 26 |
The Messiah is cut off after 60+2 sevens
(i.e 69 sevens from the decree to rebuild the city).
Note: the words "but not for himself" (AV) is from
the Hebrew AYIN LA [Vav : alef yod nun Lamed : vav], better
translated "and nothing to him" i.e."and he is destitute" or "and
no-one for him" i.e. "and he has no supporters."
He is despised and rejected of men; a man of sorrows
and acquainted with grief: and we hid our faces from him; he was despised
and we did not esteem him. Isaiah 53:3
And Jesus said to them, All you will be offended
because of me this night, because it is written: I will strike the shepherd
and the sheep will be scattered. Mark 14:27
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Afterwards the prince's people destroy the sanctuary. (AD
70)
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Note: the people of the prince- not the prince himself, i.e. Titus'
army -not Titus himself. Titus instructed his army to spare the temple but
his men set fire to it. Titus was the prince in control of Judea at the time
the sanctuary was destroyed.
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Desolations continue to the end of the war with the Jews
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The destruction of the temple in AD 70 finalised the
close of the Mosaic era.
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(Shortly before the destucion of the temple the Apostle Paul
wrote: In that he says, a new covenant, he has
made the first old. So that which is ageing and becoming obsolete is about
to disappear Hebrews 8:13 ).
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| 27 |
Half way through the next of the sevens (that is 69.1/2 sevens
after the decree to rebuild Jerusalem) the Messiah causes sacrifices
to cease. At the Lord's crucifixion Mosaic sacrifices became
obsolete (Hebrews.10:7-14).
The covenant with Abraham is that in his seed all the nations of the world
are blessed, both Jew and non-Jew (Genesis 22:18, 26:4). This
covenant is confirmed with the Jews on the day of Pentecost
(Acts.2) and with the non-Jews to Cornelius and his household
(Acts 10 and 11).
Taking into consideration the events recorded in the first 10 chapters of
Acts and in Galatians 1:15-18, Cornelius' conversion is at least 3 years
after Acts 2 Pentecost.
See the article "THE
LORD'S 3 YEAR MINISTRY - PETER'S KEYS WERE ALL WITHIN DANIEL'S 70th. SEVEN
YEARS"
Which shows how the Apostle Paul's and Cornelius' conversions relate to the
time when Aretus gained control of Damascus.
After the Lord's crucifixion, the nation's civil and spiritual state continues
to deteriorate. By AD 70 it is worse than anything
that happened before or since. (Matthew 24:21). |
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WHICH ABOMINATION OF DESOLATION is referred to in
Matt.24:15, Mark 13:14 and Luke 21:20 ?
There are three distinct times of desolation mentioned in Daniel:
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Daniel 9:17 One desolation had already passed in the destruction of Jerusalem
by Nebuchadnezzar.
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Daniel 8:13 & 12:11 These refer to desolation caused by Antiochus Epiphenese.
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Daniel 9:26-27 These verses evidently refer to the time of the Roman siege
from AD 68 to AD 70, which culminated in the destruction of the temple and
devastation of Jerusalem [See
Luke 21:20].
Daniel 9:26-27 And after sixty two periods of seven Messiah
will be cut off, but not for himself: and the people of the prince who will
come will destroy the city and the sanctuary; and the end of it will be with
a flood, and to the end of the war desolations are determined. And he will
confirm the covenant with many for one period of seven: and in the middle
of the period of seven he will cause the sacrifice and the oblation to cease,
and he will make it desolate for the overspreading of abominations, even
until the consummation, and that determined will be poured on the desolate.
The words "desolations are determined" indicate that this would be a period
of several desolations in succession.
Chronology of the
Seventy "sevens"
[Note: THE SEPTUAGINT OF THE O.T. WAS TRANSLATED IN BC
285] |
| Start date: |
Ezra leaves Babylon in Artaxerxes 7th. year of reign. |
Sabbatical BC458/457 |
BC 465 - 7
[See DANIEL'S
70x7 years CHART] |
BC 458
(autumn) |
| The Lord's birth |
|
Year BC 5 (autumn) |
Luke 3:23
"beginning to be thirty years" |
BC 5
(autumn) |
| Baptism |
69th."seven" |
Jubilee year AD 26/27 |
69 x 7 - (458 - 1), i.e. 483 - 457 |
AD 26
(autumn) |
| Crucifixion |
69.1/2 "seven" |
Year AD 29/30 |
Autumn AD 26 plus 3.1/2 years |
AD 30
(spring) |
| Cornelius |
70th."week" |
plus say 3.1/2 years |
70 x 7 - (458 - 1) |
AD 33
(autumn) |
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| Chapters 10 to 12 home in on Antiochus Epiphanese's
tyranical reign, ending with the Maccabaean revolt and the rededication of
the temple. |
| 10 |
| v.1 |
Cyrus and Darius were joint rulers of the Medo-Persian Empire. |
| v.2ff. |
Daniel's distraught 3 week fast. |
| v.13 |
God's messenger delayed for 3 weeks |
| v.20 |
The Greek empire will follow the Persian empire |
| 11 |
| v.2 |
Three more kings in Persia - Cambysis, Smardis and Darius
Hystaspis. [Barnes on Daniel v.2 p.208].
The fourth king - Xerxes - annoys the Greeks. |
| v.3 |
Alexander the Great comes to power. |
| v.4 |
His empire is divided between his four generals after his death. |
| v.5ff. |
Seleucids gain power in Syria and the Ptolemies in Egypt. There
is constant friction between them. The political scheming and toing and froing
between them is detailed in verses 5 to 44. |
| v.30ff. |
A foray into Egypt is foiled by a Mediterranean fleet. Antiochus
Epiphanese vents his frustration on the Jewish nation. He desecrates the
temple, supplants Mosaic worship (v.31) with pagan worship
and constructs a fortified palace overlooking the temple courtyard, to ensure
no Mosaic rituals are practised (v.45). |
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For
Alexander's Divided kingdom and relationship between the Ptolemies and the
Seleucidae click here
For a chronology of
the "days" predictions click here
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| 12 |
| vv.1-3 |
Daniel is given the "behind the scenes" perspective of the
outcome for those who are faithful and those who are not faithful in the
time of trial. |
| v.1 |
"At that time", the time of Antiochus Epiphanese's desecration
of the temple, the Hebrew nation would experience worse troubles than ever
before, but the faithful would be delivered. (cp. Exodus 32:32).
Judgement is always according to what is recorded "in the book/s"
(7:10) |
| v.2 |
When people die their destiny is sealed
(Ecclesiastes 11:2 3 "... if the tree fall toward
the south, or toward the north, in the place where the tree falleth, there
it shall be."). Of those around at the time of Antiochus Epiphanese's
persecution many would be raised, some@ to "everlasting
life", and some to "shame and everlasting contempt". The apostates could
only anticipate being raised to eternal shame whereas the faithful were assured
of eternal life. |
| v.4 |
Daniel is not given the details but is advised that when these
events did occur, more would be known. |
| vv.5-7 |
The desecration and oppression would last for 3.1/2 years ("a
time, times and a half"). |
| v.13 |
Faithful Daniel is assured that he will have his "lot".
When and where? -
Click here for study notes on
life after death.
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| @ |
The word "many" in Daniel 12:2 means "a lot" but it does not
mean "everybody". But at the last day everybody will be raised (John 5:27-29).
So Daniel 12:2 does not seem to be referring to the last day.
In Matthew.27:52 it says that "many" of the saints were raised - but not
all. Those saints are now in "Paradise". |
The idea of restoring the physical temple in Jerusalem and of restoring the
physical nation of Israel is dangerous and has no support in the Bible.
There is no Divine authority for the Jewish restoration of the nation of
Israel . Those who falsly interpret passages of scripture in that way miss
out on their true spiritual significance.
The Lord Jesus was sacrificed once and for all time. "... this man
[Jesus Christ], ... offered one sacrifice for sins for ever"
Hebrews 10:12
No more sacrifices are to be offered for sins. "... there remaineth no
more sacrifice for sins" Hebrews 10:26 . The temple
sacrificial altar is not to be rebuilt.